Tiara Khairunnisa et al. 2026. A Conceptual Analysis of the Scientific Method: Assessing the Distinction Between Method and Methodology in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Research. Al-Alim: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam. 2, 3 (Oct. 2026), 360–372. DOI:https://doi.org/10.65118/alim.v2i3.63.